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What is Ovarian Cancer

Early-stage ovarian cancer, in which the disease is confined to the ovary, is more likely (about 90-95%) to be treated successfully. However, early ovarian cancer is not easy to detect.

Unfortunately, Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is more difficult to treat and is frequently fatal.

Incidence
  • Ovarian cancer is the fifth-leading cause of cancer death in women. Overall, it makes up about 3% of all cancers in women.
  • Older women are at higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. More number of cases occur in women who are over 60 years of age.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of Ovarian cancer may include, If the below signs/ symptoms persist, one should consult a doctor.

Swollen abdomen or bloating (due to build-up of fluids produced bytumor)

Lower abdominal and leg pain

Discomfort in the pelvis area

Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation

Quickly feeling full when eating

Sudden weight gain or loss

Nausea/indigestion

Unusual bleeding or discharge from the vagina

Risk Factor

Certain factors were identified that are associated with an increased risk of Ovarian cancer:
Older Age

Ovarian cancer can occur at any age butmore common in women above 60 years.

Family History

People with more affected close relatives have an increased risk.

Personal History

Previous personal history of breast, uterine, or colorectal cancer.

Age of menstruation and menopause

Beginning menstruation at an early age or starting menopause at a later age, or both, may increase the risk of ovarian cancer

Diagnosis

PELVIC EXAMINATION
  • Examination of the body to check general signs of health.During a pelvic exam, doctor visually examines external genitalia, vagina and cervix and inserts gloved fingers into your vagina and simultaneously presses a hand on your abdomen in order to palpate pelvic organs.

IMAGING TESTS
  • Tests, such as ultrasound or CT scans of abdomen and pelvis, may help determine the size, shape and structure of the ovaries.


  • PELVIC ULTRASOUND

  • LAPAROSCOPY

  • LAPAROTOMY

  • BLOOD TESTS

Stages of Ovarian cancer

Stages of ovarian cancer span from Stage I to Stage IV
  • 0
    Cancer is confined to ovary or fallopian tube
  • 1
    Growth of the cancer involves one or both the ovaries with pelvic extension.
  • 2
    Cancer has spread beyond the pelvis
  • 3
    Cancer is widely spread throughout the body