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Overview

The lungs are a part of the respiratory system, which is made up of a collection of organs and tissues that work together to allow you to breathe. There are lobes in each lung. The windpipe, bronchus, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli make up the bronchial tree that runs through the lungs.

The process of gas exchange known as respiration is the primary function of the lungs. During respiration, oxygen from the entering air enters the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide, a waste gas produced by metabolism, exits the bloodstream.

  • Waste products, excess water, and other contaminants are filtered out of the bloodstream.
  • Keeping the body's pH, salt, and potassium levels in check.
  • Blood pressure and red blood cell production are both regulated.
  • Activating a vitamin D form that aids calcium absorption.

Symptoms of Liver Disease

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Chronic cough
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Shortness of breath
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Wheezing
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Chronic mucus production
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Chronic chest pain
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Coughing up blood
  • Cough that lasts a long time
  • After little or no exercise, you may experience shortness of breath.
  • Breathing that is loud or wheezing
  • Mucus production that is chronic and lasts longer. The airways produce mucus as a barrier against infection.
  • Chest ache that lasts a long time
  • I'm coughing blood.

Main Cause of Lung Disease

The following are the key risk factors for lung disease:

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Smoking Tobacco
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Second Hand Smoke
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Radon Gas
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Air Pollution
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Chemicals
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Allergies

  • Tobacco Smoking

    It is the most common cause of lung problems.

  • Secondhand cigarette smoke

    It is particularly harmful to infants and young children.

  • Radon Gas

    It is a type of radioactive gas that is Lung cancer is known to be caused by it.

  • Pollution of the air

    Asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and other lung illnesses may be exacerbated by it.

  • Chemicals

    It has the potential to harm the lungs severely.

  • Allergies

    Pollen, pet dander, insect excrement, and food allergens are examples of allergies.

Types of Lungs Disease

A respiratory problem might be short-term or long-term. The following are examples of common lung diseases:

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Tuberculosis (TB)
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Pneumonia
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Influenza (Flu)
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Asthma
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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Lung Cancer
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Pulmonary Hypertension
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Cystic fibrosis
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Pulmonary Fibrosis

  • Tuberculosis (TB)

    Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection spread by the air that is caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It typically affects the lungs, but it can also affect other organs and tissues. It is especially common in those who have a compromised immune system.

  • Pneumonia

    Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungus. The infection causes the air sacs in the lungs to swell and fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult for oxygen to reach the bloodstream. Cough, fever, chills, and trouble breathing are some of the symptoms of pneumonia, which can range from moderate to severe. Infants and young children, seniors 65 and older, smokers, and the sick are all at higher risk.

  • Influenza (Flu)

    Viruses cause the flu, which is a respiratory ailment. Viruses enter the body through the nose or mouth after passing through the air. The flu can also be contracted through contact with infected surfaces. The flu has symptoms that are similar to the common cold, but it lasts longer and is more severe.

  • Asthma

    Asthma is the most frequent type of chronic lung disease. Asthma attacks occur when the airways narrow and tighten, reducing airflow. Lungs become enlarged and irritated as well. An allergic reaction, pollutants, exertion, other respiratory illnesses, and cold air can all provoke asthma. Asthma symptoms include chest tightness, wheezing, dyspnea, and coughing, which might occur on a regular basis.

  • COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

    COPD refers to a group of lung illnesses that include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. Increased breathlessness is a symptom of this condition. In Chronic Bronchitis, the bronchial tubes become inflamed and scarred, whereas in Emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs are slowly destroyed. Smoking, air pollution, toxins, or a genetic disease can all contribute to it.

  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

    ARDS is a disorder in which fluid leaks into the lungs and prevents oxygen from reaching the organs. It happens when the lungs are injured, such as in sepsis or severe pneumonia. It's a dangerous ailment that can lead to death.

  • Lung Cancer

    Lung Cancer is a type of cancer that affects the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells that start in the lungs is referred to as lung cancer.

  • Pulmonary Hypertension

    Pulmonary hypertension is a condition in which the blood arteries between the lungs and the heart have an abnormally high pressure. Other medical disorders, such as heart disease, lung illness, or connective tissue disease, can cause pulmonary hypertension. Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is a disorder in which no cause can be found.

  • Pulmonary Embolism

    When a blood clot forms in one of the arteries leading from the heart to the lungs, it prevents normal blood flow, resulting in chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing. It's potentially life-threatening and necessitates immediate medical intervention.

  • Cystic fibrosis

    Cystic fibrosis is a life-threatening hereditary condition in which mucus thickens in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. This mucus plugs the airways in the lungs, causing lung damage and making breathing difficult.

  • Pulmonary Fibrosis

    Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung condition in which the tissues of the lungs, particularly those between and supporting the air sacs, are damaged and scarred.

To diagnose various lung illnesses, a variety of tests are employed.

  • X-ray of the chest

    Doctors use it to examine the structure of the lungs and the chest cavity. An X-ray will reveal congested or scarred parts of the lung.

  • CT Scanning

    A CT scan allows for a more thorough examination of lung structure.

  • Ultrasound

    Ultrasound of the Chest Ultrasound is utilized to identify any fluid buildup in or around the lungs using chest ultrasound. It creates a detailed image of the lungs by using high-frequency sound waves.

  • Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

    This test measures blood pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to assess lung function.

  • Complete Blood Count (CBC)

    CBC stands for complete blood count, which includes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

  • IgE immunoglobulin

    It is used to make an allergy diagnosis and to identify the allergens that are causing the signs and symptoms. It may be required in order to identify asthma triggers.

  • Tuberculin Skin Test; Mantoux Test

    This test is used to check for active or latent tuberculosis infection. A positive test result indicates that the person has been exposed to tuberculosis (TB) and may have a latent or active infection.

  • Spirometry

    The airflow entering the lungs is measured in this test. It is used to determine whether or not the airways are narrowed or obstructed.

  • Oximetry

    It is a test that measures the amount of oxygen in the blood. Pulse oximetry is used to determine how well the heart pumps oxygen throughout the body.

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